Simpsons Essays - American Culture, Fox Animation, The Simpsons

Simpsons Who watches The Simpsons? Piece and Rhetoric For this task I watched the show The Simpsons, which goes ahead the Fox organize on Sunday evenings at eight. The show is about an enlivened family unit and their regular day to day existences. The Simpsons focuses on the white collar class families that live in suburbia of America. The show basically requests to families that made out of guardians who work at hands on employments and have kids, between the ages of 10-18. You can tell this from the ads, how The Simpsons way of life is depicted and the jokes contained in the show. The advertisements seen nearby the Simpsons apply to the white collar class family. These plugs are intended for both the grown-ups and the youngsters who watch the Simpsons. One such business is for Toys R Us. The business shows a mother and father taking their child to the neighborhood Toys R Us. Inside the store we get shots of the most up to date toys to engage the children who are viewing the business. The business at that point expresses that it has the most toys at the least cost. This announcement is intended to engage the guardians who have a low pay and can just purchase toys that are cheap. Among different plugs that are seen during The Simpsons are family get-away commercials. One such one is of a family going to Disney world. The advertisements expresses that Disney world has everything for everybody in the family. The ad shows the Dad playing golf, which is intended to speak to the fathers who watch the Simpsons. The business additionally shows the mother purchasing som ething at the blessing shop, which is intended to speak to the mothers who watch the show. Lastly the business shows the youngsters going on the rides, which is intended to speak to the children who watch the show. Another business seen with The Simpsons is a business for a smaller than normal van. In this business the smaller than normal van is contrasted with a standard two-entryway vehicle. The business asks, How are you going to accommodate your family in that two-entryway vehicle This business is intended to interest individuals who have a huge family that needs all that additional room just a little van can give. Likewise the min van comes outfitted with a little T.V, and shows kids watching it. This is intended to speak to kids who now rather than simply staying there can stare at the TV on long outings. Every one of these plugs manage families. So implies that the TV station is attempting to publicize to families who watch The Simpsons. Additionally the Simpsons reflects the way of life of the individuals who are watching the show. The show consistently manages white collar class circumstances that the watchers can identify with. The family in the show comprises of a working class family with two guardians and three children. Both of the guardians moved on from secondary school and that is the degree of their training. The father holds an occupation at the nearby atomic force plant. His better half is a housewife and the two children go to open primary school. A large number of the issues found in The Simpsons are like those, which happen to white collar class rural families. This would engage working class families since they can relate to issues confronting The Simpsons. In one scene Bart the oldest child has issues with school menace. He gets into a battle and is thrashed. Later his folks get some answers concerning his concern. His mother advises him to tell on the domineering jerk while his father instructs him to retaliate and shows him the best way to battle. The guardians viewing can truly identify with The Simpsons. They have managed comparable circumstances with their own children being bulled or getting into battles. While the children who watch The Simpsons can relate to Bart and his issues with the harasser. One other scene The Simpsons needed to move since Homer lost his position at the atomic force plant and demonstrated how the family needed to straighten out to living in another town. The scene indicated how both the guardians and youngsters needed to meet new individuals. White collar class families can comprehend the disappointment that joins moving to

Tell the audience about how the technologies transform the society Term Paper

Educate the crowd regarding how the innovations change the general public from the three movies underneath, which are Illusions (Julie Dash, - Term Paper Example Car, fabricating, everything have advanced fundamentally. Innovation affected the TV and film industry. Sound and Color impacts in cinematography all has changed alongside the time (Ogburn, 81). In this paper, the fundamental spotlight lays on the advancement of innovation and its effect on the films, keeping sync with the general public. Here the conversation depends on three distinct motion pictures of three unique occasions: Illusions-coordinated by Julie Dash of 1983, Papapapa coordinated by Alex Rivera of 1995 and Sleep Dealer coordinated by Alex Rivera of 2008. Logical Filmmaking: In the cutting edge world the idea of new computerized video advances are changing the manner in which individuals are reporting, distributing, and expending various thoughts. As per the examination of Germano, information creation is currently progressively connected with computerized or visual methods of articulation. In his view, another method of granting sociology inquire about and another method of making true to life movies might be depicted as systematic filmmaking. There is an unmistakable distinction among expository and narrative movies, while in the past the primary spotlight used to be on the narrative movies when individuals were progressively inspired by political issues. In present day age social and political movies additionally have claim to the mind with significant embellishments and utilization of science and innovations. Mechanical advancement in moviemaking began with Julie Dash’s Illusions where the idea of voiceover (sound naming) was first spoken to before the crowd (Germano, Abstract). The Movie Illusions: Transformation of Sounds: Illusions was one of the notable and grant wining film of Julie Dash. It was discharged in the year 1983. In this film, the crowd was first gone over with the idea of audio cue â€more definitely the utilization of innovation so as to build up the sounds impact. As indicated by Klotman, the film Illusions was the ma in portion of Dash’s arranged arrangement about Black ladies in the United States. The film has won honor for Black American film society in the year 1985 and was additionally assigned for an honor in the year 1988 for Art Direction as well.(Koltman, 193). As per the survey of Dash, the film Illusions follows the narrative of an imaginary creation studio and two African-American ladies in the film business: Ester Jeeter, a vocalist who loans her voice to a white on-screen character, and Mignon Dupree, a studio official who gives off an impression of being white. In this film, Dash depicted the battles of these ladies to be perceived the truth about, particularly in the white-commanded Hollywood studio of 1942. As indicated by the audit of Caughie, present day idea of sound building is being overwhelmed by the idea of naming. In his promise â€Å"Being heard however not seen offers opportunities for rethinking ‘passing’ as other than eradication, intangibility, a llotment or blackface†.(Caughie, 97). The use of this idea was first shown by Dash’s film Illusions in the year 1983. As indicated by his perspective, Illusions takes its topic from the basic act of having dark ladies name the voices of white vocalists performing jazz or blues tunes. In the film, Esther Jeeters (Rosanne Katon), a dark lady, is recruited to fix the defective soundtrack when the words sung by the white film star don't synchronize with her mouth developments.

Using Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay

<h1> Using Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay </h1> <h2> Ruthless Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay Strategies Exploited</h2> <p>There's, normally, a cutoff on the assortment of pages even our absolute best authors can deliver with a squeezing cutoff time, however generally, we can fulfill all the customers looking for critical help. Your content might be a quest for some arrangement of a more extensive issue or just portray a particular perspective. It is basic to recall that if choosing a theme on history and world occasions, you should be sure that there's sufficient subtleties on it. As you presumably know, making your own site can be very charming and energizing. </p> <h2>Whatever They Told You About Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why </h2> <p>Your contentions must be solid and pulling in. You should break down the two things and produce an end. T he establishment for correlation will be the figure of the man of his word. In an issue of talking, selecting influential article subjects is like mentioning to yourself what you wish to pass on to the remainder of the planet. </p> <h2> The Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay Cover Up </h2> <p>No matter the kind of style the exposition must be composed to or the theme which is to be expounded on, premium quality article composing is something which numerous understudies might want to forestall. Using a composing administration is the ideal strategy to have an elegantly composed exposition to use as a rule to ensure the articles you compose are hitting every single one of the vital focuses and are at the fitting profundity required for your scholarly evaluation. You may need to compose a few articles inside a standard semester. When composing any type of scholarly paper, an individual must have the option to get acquainted with the basics of com posing. </p> <p>Calling sets aside less effort to clarify what you're doing and what must be finished. Composing is an expertise that somebody can learn. </p> <p>You can even look at a few audits and pick the business which best suits your necessities and sensibly estimated spending plan. There are several focuses, which can assist you with recognizing a business to avoid. On the off chance that you lease an association with web content administrations it's conceivable to get the aggregate sum of work done that would take both of you decades, in two months. Investigate our composing administrations audits and discover how top of the line exposition composing organizations land the position done.</p> <p>The cost of an exposition rides on the aggregate sum of exertion the author needs to apply. Peruse my article composing administration audits and my manual for choosing the perfect help for all that you need to comprehend about how to choose the best composing organizations. Clearly, an extortion papers help administration doesn't need you to get an opportunity to contact them in the wake of being ransacked. It's critical to peruse cautiously exposition administrations audits, since you might want to stay away from low prevalent administrations. </p> <h2>Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay: No Longer a Mystery </h2> <p>Additionally, you can investigate extraordinary correlation article points. Since articles ought to be fun and easy to peruse. A differentiation article isn't as convoluted as you accept. Examination article is thought of as one of the most normally allocated English papers. </p> <p>It isn't easy to make a unique and literary theft free paper when you choose a theme that is talked about a million times. A flourishing paper consistently has an awesome title. An occasion of the sort of paper that various understudies would prefer not have to compose is a think about difference article. There are various variables that must be thought of on the off chance that you might want to pick a serviceable and captivating paper theme. </p> <h2> Where to Find Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay </h2> <p>For model, a working mother dressing moderately would likely choose a woven material, for example, for example, a tailored suit. Before beginning any paper, you need to get a comprehension of the best approach to compose it. The work which you get will be altogether unique, unmistakable and customized only for you. At the point when you are mentioned to differentiate, it implies you need to tell how two things are extraordinary. </p> <h2> The Bad Side of Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay </h2> <p>Some expositions may just talk about likenesses, while some may just talk about contrasts. The essayist must remember that the theory proclamation is about similitudes or contrasts that could be demonstrated and must be sponsored up with subtleties, measurements or models. Recorded as a hard copy a difference paper, you must give close consideration to the structure or configuration you're following to watch out for the stream. </p> <h2>Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Having Trouble Writing a Comparison Contrast Essay Is Wrong </h2> <p>The full exposition needs to have a smooth course through advances. Other than being a far reaching task freely, circumstances and logical results composing may likewise highlight as section a greater task. In addition to the fact that this requires a significant amount of work, similarly likewise with some o ther article, however it takes a high measure of ability as well. Simply use everything you can recall from this issue you're working with. </p>

The Xenophobia Essay Topics Diaries

<h1> The Xenophobia Essay Topics Diaries</h1> <p>Since you can see, bunches of the subjects recorded are new and tackle the current issues occurring in the World today. Many individuals judge a person from another nation just on its viewpoint, without knowing him. In addition, they should go far and wide, finding new societies and new individuals from the distinctive nation with the goal that they judge the individuals from their genuine attributes, as opposed to simply pass judgment on all the individuals of a nation similarly. End More individuals should go around the planet, finding new societies and new individuals from other nation so they judge the people from their genuine attributes, as opposed to just pass judgment on all the people of a nation in a similar way. </p> <p>The accomplishment of an examination paper for the most part is dependent upon the theme, which is the reason various time is spent looking for the best exploration paper subject s for understudies. A school exposition point may or probably won't be openly subject to the understudy dependent on the course and the educator. Today there are loads of subjects out there for those looking to make great, pugnacious articles. A few people accept schools should choose understudies as per their scholarly capacities, while some think it is obviously better to have understudies with particular capacities concentrating together. </p> <h2> The Honest to Goodness Truth on Xenophobia Essay Topics</h2> <p>The school article is among the most basic components of your school application. There are a few convincing exposition points to choose from to complete your secondary school or school task. To form a solid contentious article, understudies should begin by acquainting themselves with some of the normal, and as often as possible clashing, positions on the exploration subject so they can compose an informed paper. On the off chance that you are scann ing for school paper models, here's an extraordinary one below.</p> <p>When you are done with your article, you should not simply check it for spelling and syntactic blunders, yet by and by, it likewise must be checked for intelligent false notions. Every one of these types of paper is possessed by the classification of useful article. Last, you ought to likewise be able to go over each side of the contention to give an adjusted paper. Go over the advantages and burdens 55.</p> <p>Inspiration to make your own publicizing or media pugnacious article points isn't hard to find. On the off chance that you wish to participate in such conversations, you should set yourself up. There's something else entirely to the idea of social conservation that is found in the component of bigotry. Try not to be reluctant to pick the most intriguing prejudice subject for you and begin widening your scholarly skylines! </p> <p>Colleges can tell at whatever point your paper is simply a structure article. It's along these lines critical to completely consider distinctive school exposition subjects. Moral contentious exposition themes are a couple of the least difficult to lose control with. School application exposition points are an indispensable segment of an engaging and convincing piece of composing. </p> <p>You don't have to discover excessively specialized with legitimate contentious articles, however make sure to get your work done on what the current laws about your favored subject really state. It is instructed to stay away regarding contention article subjects on moral issues since they don't bolster intelligent conversation. While understudies may at first appreciate choosing an article subject, they before long comprehend that the assurance of paper theme thoughts can be somewhat troublesome. When composing this exposition, select a subject of intrigue. </p> <p>It is the erroneous way to move toward the paper. In this sort of circumstance, it's progressively advantageous to find instant expositions and use them for instance. So right away, underneath are some powerful composing tips to create your regular application paper stick out! Peruse and break down some enticing article guides to discover all the more in regards to the structure and jargon utilized inside such an essay.</p> <p>In 1 way or another, while it is immediate or circuitous, the nearness of xenophobia in the courts is exceptionally clear and self-evident. In the advanced occurrence, a programmer doesn't have to move as an approach to utilize the ace key over a variety of computerized secures any area on earth. In Somalia there isn't any harmony there. The components that bring about mass xenophobic perspectives haven't been completely concentrated at this point. </p> <p>The essential point of theme decision for a proposition article is to exh ibit the thought can be established practically speaking. The following 30 inquiries are far from being obviously true and should be concentrated completely. A fine thought might be to choose a subject, which has a steady combination of available information and in any case adequate space for a private exploration. At the very same time, it's an awesome influential paper thought. </p>

How to Make Friends Without Alcohol

How to Make Friends Without Alcohol Addiction Coping and Recovery Print How to Make Friends Without Alcohol By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 24, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use One of the reasons that drinking is so popular is that many drinkers find it helpful in social situationsâ€"at least, in low doses. Research with untreated heavy drinkers shows that for many of them, drinking alcohol is central to their social life, and they cannot imagine a life without alcohol. Instead of thinking of all the things they could be doing that do not involve alcohol, they imagine being the lone guy in the pub, sipping on a pint of orange juice, while their friends enjoy beers all around them.?? Those whose lives have not revolved around alcohol know that the world is full of other possibilities, but these can all seem quite alien to a hardened drinker. Making friends without drinking alcoholâ€"both as a confidence-booster and as a social activityâ€"can be a challenge for some people, especially those who have recently quit drinking. And while for some people, responsible drinking is a reasonable goal, for others, no alcohol is the best choice. Heres how to do it.?? Cheap Things to Do Without Food or Alcohol There are two steps to socializing without alcohol. The first step, which is the focus of this article, involves figuring out what you would like to do with your time that doesnt involve alcohol. The second is a process of building up the social skills that you feel you lack, so you dont need alcohol as a prop.?? Focus on finding non-drinking activities that you enjoy. Then practice building social skills that will help you connect with others without needing alcohol to facilitate friendships. People who are used to drinking as a way of spending their free time may either think of social activities as revolving around alcoholâ€"for example, going to bars or pubs, or they may see alcohol as a necessary supplement to other social activities, such as watching sports while drinking.?? If your focus has previously been situations focused on alcohol, such as bars or pubs, it may be the automatic acceptance you receive from fellow-drinkers that makes socializing in this way appealing to you. You just show up, order a drink, and you have a group of ready-made friends. Yet these are not real friendships, based on truly knowing one another, but rather, a way of alleviating loneliness. You get back what you put into a friendship, so the chances of the people having any commitment to you beyond buying you a beer are low.?? How to Serve Alcohol in Your Home Without Your Guests Getting Drunk Just Show Up To replace this kind of superficial friendship, it is best to think of other activities where you will automatically be accepted, just for showing up. There are a variety of activities like thisâ€"you simply need to think of what you might enjoy instead of drinking. One tip to help with this is to think about what you have enjoyed doing, no matter how little you tried it (or even if you have never tried it, but would like to), and not to think about what your drinking friends would think or say about you doing the activity. Drinkers will think of a thousand  excuses to avoid doing anything that doesnt involve alcohol, and the peer pressure to keep just spending all your time and money with them can be shaming and unhelpful to you moving on with your life.?? The bottom line: Dont avoid activities just because there wont be alcohol involved. You might find that you enjoy these events without needing to drink. Physical Activities If you enjoy physical activity, there is no shortage of sports clubs and lessons, walking and running groups, and outdoor activities that simply require you to sign up and pay a fee. You may resent paying the fee, feeling like you shouldnt have to pay for the company, but the cost will probably be equivalent to, or less than, the cost of drinking. Or, you can find a free walking or running group, or even start your own, by advertising on a local online board, such as Craigslist. Intellectual and Cultural Activities If you dont enjoy physical activity, you might enjoy intellectual or cultural activities, such as joining a book club or visiting your local art gallery. You will soon find opportunities to connect with others who share these interests. If you have enjoyed being creative yourself, there are many opportunities to develop these skills alongside others, whether it is visual arts, music, or writing you prefer. Volunteering Volunteering is another great way to easily connect with people over a shared interest. This can be helping promote a cause or charity that you care about, but you are not limited to these options. Many other opportunities for volunteering exist, and most communities have offices that can help you find a good match. Once you have found the right activity, the next step is to develop your social skills. How to Drink (a Little) More Responsibly

How to Start a Biography

<h1>How to Start a Biography</h1><p>The number one approach to begin a history is with the examination paper. Presently, you may imagine that what I am discussing is doing research. In the event that you are simply beginning in your vocation as a biographer, at that point definitely, do a great deal of research.</p><p></p><p>Have you at any point been on a profession evaluation survey that gotten some information about your inclinations and interests? I did it when I was in my mid-twenties and it wasn't beautiful. Nonetheless, it gave me some knowledge into how I was moving toward this vocation path.</p><p></p><p>If I had not done this, I would have lost enthusiasm for a specific subject or a character type that I don't possess a lot of energy for. As such, when you start your examination paper, you are fundamentally mentioning to the business what they need to hear, right?</p><p></p><p>If you'v e for the longest time been itching to be a games author, yet you're not, you should simply to compose two or three articles regarding the matter, keep in touch with one (or two) papers regarding the matter, and afterward compose a 'best of' rundown of the subjects you composed. You can really transform this article into a smaller than usual memoir, complete with blurbs, covers, etc. You can make it sound like an artistic artful culmination and advance yourself by putting it on the web, in books, and anyplace else you can.</p><p></p><p>If you're an agent, and you'd prefer to fire up a retail location, the best way to do it is to begin an entirely different organization by concocting your own thoughts. Much the same as you would think of an organization's new logo, hues, bundling, and so on., you can concoct your own character types and help your ebb and flow organization shine.</p><p></p><p>If you've never done it, begin bydoing a touc h of research. For instance, on the off chance that you need to compose a life story about someone, discover all that you can about that individual, their life, and what sort of exercises they've done. There are numerous sites that give arrangements of names, addresses, and other data in regards to them.</p><p></p><p>As you oblige your exploration, and as you have the chance to meet them face to face, you'll notice certain likenesses or contrasts as a part of their characters and methods of getting things done. At the point when you make notes about how you felt when you initially met them, you'll have the option to join these distinctions into your writing.</p><p></p><p>So, do a touch of research, get a thought of what sort of individual you need to compose a life story about, and begin composing an account. After you've begun, you'll start to build up your own styles and begin finding your own specific manner to tell a story.</p&g t;

What Everybody Dislikes About Easy Opinion Essay Topics and Why

<h1> What Everybody Dislikes About Easy Opinion Essay Topics and Why </h1> <p>If you are a newcomer to contentious paper composing, it is obviously better to pick a basic subject. There are bunches of themes that could be utilized for composing supposition papers yet verify you have the entirety of the information it requires else you will end up with awful evaluations obviously in your tests. Before you start composing your exposition, you should consider the sources appropriate to the imminent subject, and verify you have enough proof to hold up your postulation proclamation. Composing factious papers requires a lot of time to complete, particularly when you don't have a doled out subject. </p> <p>Also, give all the central matters looking like a fast outline and eventually you may give your very own perspective concerning the last outcome and the subject of the upheld feeling article. It is essential to strengthen the key focuses in the end reasonably. It is critical to think about different perspectives and pick one which you think about right. Significantly increasingly little focuses with respect to the theme can be talked about. </p> <p>Therefore, the above told six position paper points can assist you with making a phenomenal piece to situate exposition, yet be certain whatever subject you're choosing isn't difficult to comprehend and on which you are in control of a decent ability, else you won't be in a situation to make durable contentions. Rather, you can take a similarly old thought for conversation and guarantee it is huge. A brilliant subject is a pithy one that decides the issue obviously and causes you really to feel energized concerning reality of composing. Making a publication point is heaps of fun. </p> <p>The absolute first bit of your absolute first unfinished copy should comprise of the presentation where you'll be presenting the point along with the theory explanation. Stroke other delicate areas of her whole body, of which you have to have known before the sentiment. Picking the right supposition paper rubric is the absolute first and the crucial advance towards making a fine piece out of composing. </p> <p>For that reason, it's basic to make them experience its various components to better their insight. While talking about sex balance themes, it's vital to observe certain standards not to manhandle a particular sort of perusers. In different periodicals, you can go over a lot of articles containing individuals' assessments and mentalities towards different difficulties. There are bunches of different methods to discover data as well, such as taking meetings or direct reviews that will help you to get assessment of the pertinent people. </p> <p>You should be very tireless in your methodology so you can discover with an incredible work. Attempt to find, regardless of whether you will be ready to confirm your perspective with aftereffects of various scientists' work (if necessary). The methodology for decolonization and freedom isn't just a battle by the indigenous populace to recover their personality and their privileges, yet it's a re-acculturation for the whole world and for the presentation of another humankind. For the most part logical structures, corporate promoting process focusing on its market currently should portion the market on the grounds of clients having comparable prerequisites and needs. </p> <p>At absolutely a similar time, ensure your subject is captivating and rather novel. Picking themes is an unmistakable aptitude that you have to learn and rehearse at school, so quit stalling and adhere to the basic hints beneath to have the option to consider new thoughts and make an extraordinary subject to deal with. Else, you must consider about picking another theme. At last, be sure the subject you select can be upheld by some verifiable proof. </p> <p>Below are 150 thoughts in most of famous controls to choose from. Backing urges you to meet your most prominent potential. Settling on a theme, verify you love it. Indeed, you could have a specific point doled out to you. </p> <p>By complying with the above-given insights you will promptly understand an effective contentious article. The utilization of complex sentences ought to be exceedingly express. There are loads of configurations of review and you need to comprehend the essential contrasts about them so you can compose whatever you are mentioned to compose. Get any material you will require free of charge.</p>

Essay Topics For Angels in America

<h1>Essay Topics For Angels in America</h1><p>One approach to find out about heavenly attendants in America is to discover paper subjects that discussion about how some are as yet ready to motivate us today. These points might be about people, spots, occasions or everyday issues. They will assist you with getting familiar with the blessed messengers in America so you can promote your exploration on this topic.</p><p></p><p>Angels in America may incorporate individuals who have passed on however they additionally may incorporate individuals who have kicked the bucket. They could incorporate previous presidents, celebrated performers and designers. It could even incorporate an individual who has been with you from birth right through the time of retirement. The rundown is for all intents and purposes endless.</p><p></p><p>Angels in America can affect the understudy while they are in school. There are a lot of things that they can concentrate to extend their insight. One of the approaches to find out about the blessed messengers in America is to consider the points they may discuss in their article. You will be astounded at the quantity of conceivable outcomes. The most ideal approach to do this is to visit the subjects you are thinking about on the Internet.</p><p></p><p>After you have picked your subjects, you will need to examine those present-day themes that you find fascinating. By doing this you will have the option to see various paper themes that will intrigue you. Now you can choose what you need to expound on as you experience the lists.</p><p></p><p>Another thing you can do when you find out about heavenly attendants in America is to find out about the various kinds of blessed messengers. Every one of the heavenly attendants in America has its own type of administration. While you may figure it is simpler to pick points that identify with on e of the blessed messengers in America, you might need to consider making a rundown of the various structures the holy messengers may take.</p><p></p><p>The things that you find out about when you take a gander at the paper subjects for holy messengers in America will permit you to add a touch of a bonus to your themes. On the off chance that you are imaginative you can add some innovation to your points. You will be shocked at the amount you can learn by having a fabulous time and remaining on top of things in the present world.</p><p></p><p>Students who consider these subjects for their school articles will increase numerous things. The understudies who learn about the blessed messengers in America will increase a comprehension of holy messengers just as a tad of a knowledge into the life of the individual they are expounding on. Most understudies will be shocked at the profundity of data they can pick up by taking a gander at these article topics.</p><p></p><p>You might be thinking about whether there are a few people who may not be permitted to expound on heavenly attendants in America. There are numerous individuals who might be pleased to have the option to expound on this theme. In the event that you are the sort of individual who likes to find out about others and are increasingly intrigued by the lives of the holy messengers in America than on the lives of the individuals they are discussing then these subjects will permit you to do just that.</p>

Online Tutor Review - Writewell Argumentative Essay

<h1>Online Tutor Review - Writewell Argumentative Essay</h1><p>The Writewell Argumentative Essay is an incredible guide for all understudies who are battling with paper composing. It contains free downloadable article tests that will permit you to decide the sort of keeping in touch with you ought to do. In the event that you definitely realize how to compose well, at that point this guide ought to give you strong guidance.</p><p></p><p>The writer of the Writewell Argumentative Essay, Michael Ortner, is an English teacher who has helped many battling journalists to compose articles. He has additionally worked with educators and speakers to show them exposition writing.</p><p></p><p>In actuality, his guide is loaded up with more than 300 paper tests, including papers about a wide range of subjects. This is exceptionally helpful, as it permits you to choose what sort of paper you ought to compose dependent on the example article that you download.</p><p></p><p>Tutors ought to have the option to utilize this manual for help them in their own instructing. As a mentor, you can utilize this asset to assist you with recognizing the sorts of article that will intrigue your understudies and which kinds of exposition models will be most appropriate for the kind of paper that you need to compose. You can likewise utilize it to ensure that you are utilizing the best possible assets and techniques to compose the best essay.</p><p></p><p>Essays are an extraordinary method to show ideas, give look into, and to give understudies practice. On the off chance that you show English and are thinking that its hard to track down an ideal opportunity to compose articles, at that point you might need to investigate a progressively formal guide like the Writewell Argumentative Essay.</p><p></p><p>In the present world, numerous understudies have occupi ed timetables and brief period to dedicate to learning. To be completely forthright, a few people have occupied employments that expect them to forfeit different exercises so they can complete assignments. This can prompt less than stellar scores and an inadmissible notoriety according to your individual students.</p><p></p><p>The approach to battle this is to discover a technique for composing that will permit you to finish your last task. Articles give the ideal arrangement, permitting you to cover an assortment of themes in a short measure of time. This is significant on the off chance that you need to be fruitful as a teacher.</p><p></p><p>If you need assistance with composing papers or might want to become familiar with the themes that are shrouded in this guide, at that point the online mentor webpage that you are utilizing might have the option to furnish you with help. You may likewise need to talk with a companion who is addit ionally an English educator. You might be astounded to discover that they are utilizing comparative techniques to compose papers, as the two of them feel that an article is essential to an education.</p>

The Easiest HIV Research Paper Topics

The Easiest HIV Research Paper TopicsHIV research papers can have a broad range of topics. One can go into the health issues relating to HIV research with an entry on the current AIDS epidemic. Of course, there are other topics that will be able to relate to a greater or smaller audience. It is important to remember that a topic should address the fact that there is something serious that has to be done to keep this disease from infecting more people in the future.When it comes to a specific population that might be infected, the topics that should be discussed will be very specific. However, when looking for a topic that could be helpful to everyone, there are a variety of options that one could choose from. Those that might want to look into a topic that would help a group of people could choose to look into the effects of HIV on a mother and child that are particularly close to them.Some might even be tempted to go into the effects of HIV on the body of the patient or those that s ee them in their own eyes. This is a very private area that many people would prefer to not be exposed to. These are topics that would be more suitable for those that would feel uncomfortable discussing it with a wider group of people. These topics can be topics that relate to the physical side of the disease as well as the emotional aspects of living with it.When it comes to sexual transmission of HIV, there are topics that are known as tricky. People need to consider whether or not the content of the paper would be acceptable to some groups of people. In many cases, the content of a paper would not be necessary as no matter how it was worded, it would still be acceptable.The health benefits of taking prescription medications is another topic that might be needed in a research paper. There are some people that do not want to read about this subject because they feel that taking medicine is a waste of money. The topics that relate to natural treatments for HIV infection might be the ones that are looked at first by these people.There are also other research paper topics that can be considered as well. These are easier to use with smaller groups of people. There are so many options to choose from that one can be sure that they will be able to find something that will be acceptable to the entire class.Topics that relate to treatment methods could be a huge topic to tackle. Doctors are known to have some of the most difficult conversations they will ever have with patients. This can be a very stressful situation for anyone to face.The idea is to talk to your teachers about the kind of article ideas you want to write. Remember that your topic should relate to your topic knowledge. Your topic should be easy to understand so that you can make your paper easier to write and use.

Social Problems to Write about - Is it a Scam?

<h1>Social Problems to Write about - Is it a Scam? </h1> <p>If you are at present unemployed and feeling sad, you aren't the only one. Include the basic actuality that certainty isn't high with your help right now and you have a ton of individuals who basically won't call. Your help individuals at present give a crazy amount of time on issues. There is a lot of people that are quick to help you and give you a bump the best possible way. </p> <p>For a social issue to be named an issue, it must get consideration from the overall population. Over the underlying hardly any days, you would have taken in a decent arrangement about different pipelines and devices that you could use in GATK. There are numerous issues, even on your own grounds, which ought to be settled. Every one of them work and run precisely the same. </p> <h2> Social Problems to Write about - the Story</h2> <p>Now you truly can start structuring your site and delivering the substance! You will be a substance machine immediately! The substance should be important, enlightening, provocative for the right stage. Evergreen substance is generally excellent to have! </p> <h2> Social Problems to Write about Fundamentals Explained </h2> <p>You basically must be an expert in your general vicinity. In the event that it hits the tech, cause them to choose if it's accurate.</p> <p>If you're a prepared GATK client, you will get a more profound information on the manner in which the GATK works in the engine and the best approach to improve your outcomes further, especially as for the most up to date developments. With a blog, clients realize that you're caring for your association and consideration about your web nearness. The criticism may likewise offer you knowledge to your customers and what they anticipate from your items and administrations. Invest energy to recognize the genuine data prerequisites of your customers and staff. </p> <p>Once staff understand their information is being followed up on, you'll see them the most important gracefully of authorized data in the entire association. Or then again you can connect with our overseers by online talk exactly as of now. Just take every single important activity to ensure your staff approach precise, cutting-edge, easy to utilize, and top to bottom data. </p> <p>Have all of your workers pick a specific point to cover and try to focus on the things which matter to your clients. In case you're looking for over an occupation, we envision got notification from you. There are no such issues or demands which can't be fathomed by our group. </p> <p>Be certain you pick the best one. For instance, as an author, you can control what content that you pick to expound on yet you maynot control the manner in which your work will be gotten. </p> <h2> Get the Scoop on Social Problems to Write about Before You're Too Late </h2> <p>You're well off rather than a wide range of individuals around the globe. Your inner mind is among the most grounded things which you have. It is difficult to focus on the amazing things in case you're excessively bustling whining about your life. Our lives aren't all out delight the entirety existing apart from everything else. </p> <p>If you live in a created nation with less social issues at that point you're honored. One of a kind societies have different discernments and what could be typical conduct in 1 society may be a considerable social issue in another general public. Around 80% of self-hurt contains cutting or wounding into the epidermis, yet techniques are just obliged by how much the individual is set up to hurt oneself. Troubles with the earth are legitimately connected with neediness and issues with instruction. </p> <h2>Gossip, Lies and Social Problems to Write about </h2> <p>Readers are to some degree progressively keen on the upsides of your data. In most of nations, for example, created nations numerous people are poor and rely upon government assistance. Moreover, there are issues which don't fall into either class, including wars. Try not to stop for a second to utilize our example points to create your own!</p>

Essay Topics on British History

Essay Topics on British HistoryYou may have been using essay topics on British history for your studies, but now you realize that you want to focus on something else. It doesn't matter what it is - English, history, social studies, humanities, etc. It can be your favorite subjects; you just need to know where to look. Let's discuss some of the most popular subjects for historians and other history majors.Essays on British politics often center on any aspect of British government. These days, there are more issues to deal with, from the rise of tabloid journalism to the current French National Front leader Marine Le Pen, than ever before. You may need a perspective from an expert on British political affairs.Essays on British history include topics on a variety of subjects - from the Napoleonic Wars to Medieval history. In many cases, the choice is based on your own research or interests. For example, if you are fascinated by the Blitz, then the topic may center on WWI and the air rai ds.If you love history but are not completely sure about what you want to study, a subject that involves history as a way of researching a historical event is a good idea. This is not to say that you won't learn anything. In fact, it will probably be necessary to do some research before you know exactly what you want to write about.A new academic area in history is studying all the cultures of the world. Many students enjoy learning about China, India, and other foreign cultures, and the essays on the history of civilizations is an excellent way to make sure that you do not forget about your background. You can even write about a broad topic, such as a European or American history.A great subject for essay topics on British history is anything to do with architecture. Think about the impact of architects on the country's evolution, from St. Paul's Cathedral and City Hall to the grand Tudor houses of Westminster. What were their style, what were the buildings used for, and what impac t did they have on society? These are all topics that you can explore, and it is a great way to bring your knowledge and interests to the forefront of your study.With the changing times and with so many students choosing a college major that requires more reading and writing skills, arts and literature are becoming more important. Essays on literature are a great way to get into the academic realm of studies, especially with literature and critical thinking being on the rise. Even if you aren't interested in studying the classics, essays on literature can be quite illuminating for students who want to broaden their knowledge and understandings of different periods of literature.Let's face it: essay topics on British history are not going to be easy. The topics range widely and include everything from colonial history to medieval studies. As you decide what subjects you want to research and write about, think about the various ways you can make the information useful to you and your fellow students. It doesn't have to be difficult, but will require a bit of effort to pull it off.

The Pitfall of Essay Writing for 9th Grade

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Evolution of personal computers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 31 Words: 9366 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 1. Literature Review 1.1. E-Learning 1.1.1. Overview The last 20 years, the evolution of personal computers has been rapid. Respectively, the advancements in software and hardware have been huge and inevitably, the e-learning sector was influenced as well, with several tools being developed with ever growing capabilities, from plain delivering of text, to audio/photo/video management. [1] But what really e-learning is and why such importance is given to it? Electronic learning (or e-Learning) can be defined as the process of educating or offering knowledge via electronic means. Many researchers go a little bit further, like Nichols (2008) for example, who perceives e-learning as pedagogy empowered by digital technology. This aspect assigns to e-learning an even greater importance, which is probably valid when considering the different ways that e-learning is applied. In most cases there is no face to face interaction between the trainer and the learner and the communication is based solely on electronic means like computers, videos, web sites, virtual reality environments, etc. In other cases e-learning is used as an addition to conventional learning, in order the latter to be enriched (blended learning); in these cases the aforementioned means are combined with or are added to, traditional techniques (classroom interaction) in order the desired results to be achieved . Finally there is an intermediate application as well, where, although there is no face to face interaction in a daily basis, certain meetings are organised from time to time between the learners and the trainer in order the learning process to be improved. [2] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evolution of personal computers" essay for you Create order Despite the fact there has been an explosion of computer-based multimedia applications in education in recent years (Gerlic and JauÃ…Â ¡ovec 1999), the success of e-learning applications has always been debatable. Plenty of researchers have studied the subject, with many of them (e.g. Kazmerski and Blasko 1999, Kulik and Kulik 1991, Steyn, du Toit and Lachmann 1999) stressing out the advantages of e-learning against conventional learning methods. Others though, tend to think differently, believing that e-learning systems can prove to be deficient or simply not superior that the conventional ones (Merchant, Kreie, Cronan 2001) [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. Despite this debate however, there is a growing trend towards e-learning processes and implementations, with a basic reason being the continuously growing technology possibilities available. Moreover, e-learning presents certain benefits which have raised its popularity these past years: Education is made possible for people who may not have the time -like parents or professionals- or the money to attend a classroom. Time and distance are no longer an issue and learning can be offered globally even to people with disabilities. Higher quality of education can be offered to anyone, since highly skilled professors can offer their services electronically, to any individual anywhere in the world, with much lower costs. The costs issue comprises a general advantage of e-learning since it applies in any of its forms; for example enterprises are now able to offer training services to their employees and partners with minimal costs and without the need to organise trips for seminars or relevant activities. The learner can attend learning sessions anytime, anywhere, at his/her own pace. In other words each learner can adjust the course according to his/her own needs, experience and free time. The learner participates energetically in the learning process, something that doesnt always apply in a conventional classroom, since in many cases the learners do not pay any attention to the trainer. In e-learning environments such behaviours do not exist since the course process cannot proceed without the energetic participation of the learner. The subsequent reduction of paper usage due to the electronic character of the courses can be highly beneficial for the environment. Even the disadvantage of lacking personal interaction, can nowadays be overcome in a great degree, via several services like forums, e-mails, chats, teleconferences, etc. [9], [10], [11], [12] On the other hand, many tend to believe that the human interaction in a classroom during the learning process is irreplaceable by any other learning type and consequently, e-learning. Jean Barbazette, president of The Training Clinic in Seal Beach, California, believes that Some things still cant be taught online and that For interpersonal skills, classroom learning usually works better. The classroom offers immediate feedback from instructors and co-learners, which is crucial to the learning process Rebecca Aronauer supports. Nevertheless, many researchers support that should e-learning is implemented correctly, it can be as efficient as conventional learning (Zhao et al 2005). Moreover, Rovai (2002) supports that there are no significant differences concerning the experiences of students learning on-line or in a classroom, and that the sense of being part of a team can be effectively simulated when the electronic course is designed appropriately. Indeed, nowadays computers are cons idered to be of great importance by most university students (Gunn et al 2003). [13], [14], [15], [16] 1.1.2. Tools 1.1.2.1. In General In order e-learning to be implemented, certain tools are needed which vary significantly one from the other and each of them undertake a certain part of the whole process. These tools can be divided in the following categories based on the process part that they serve: Hardware and networks E-learning cannot be implemented unless the relevant infrastructure exists; this can include computers, visual and audio devices like web cams, microphones and speakers, web servers, media servers, etc. This hardware has to communicate remotely with respective equipment on the trainers side, an issue which is addressed via networks like intranets, extranets, VPNs, or the World Wide Web. [17], [18] Tools to access knowledge These are the tools with the help of which the user can gain access to e-learning material; the main are web browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Safari and media players, like Windows Media Player, QuickTime, Winamp and VLC Player. Since the Internet is the main tool to interconnect the trainer and the learner, web browsers are basic tools of the e-learning process and without them, the Internet becomes inaccessible. Media players are quite important as well, since through them the user can access visual and audio material on which, the success of the electronic course is based many times. Tools to offer knowledge In order e-learning material to become accessible to the learner certain tools are needed, which are called Learning Management Systems (LMSs). Their main duty is to provide the platform which will offer the learning content over a network. An LMS is a piece of software that enables as to plan, deliver, and manage the learning process and it can be found in different versions with different functionalities; it can be used just to keep records on the courses that the learners are interested in or to offer complete online learning sessions along with online interaction tools via which, the learners can communicate and enrich the whole process. It can be web-based or not, but in most cases, it is web-based. [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24] Tools to create the e-learning content The basic tools for creating e-learning material are called Learning Content Management Systems (LCMSs) and are responsible for authoring and managing e-learning content. In other words, these systems are used for creating and exploiting the learning content which will be later delivered via an LMS. The main advantage of LCMSs -in contrast to LMSs- is that they offer the possibility to a programmer to develop, export, import, manage or search for content that can be reused by other programmers in different projects, keeping in parallel history data and versions data; this content may include text, graphics, media files, etc. In LMSs, courses cannot be developed and managed, and learning objects (small pieces of learning content) cannot be reused in other courses. Nevertheless, it should be noted that many confuse these two terms and often refer to both by using the term LMS; this is wrong though, since as it is evident from the above, an LCMS can be considered as a development of an LMS and offers different possibilities. It is true however, that many times the functionalities of an LCMS overlap those of an LMS. Tools for human interaction In order the classroom feeling to be simulated effectively in an e-learning environment, various tools can be utilised. Despite the fact that these tools were not developed initially for this specific purpose, when combined can enrich greatly the learning process. These tools can be of two types depending on the presence of the individuals or parties that communicate: synchronous and asynchronous. Synchronous tools enable individuals or parties to communicate in real time, when asynchronous dont. Asynchronous tools include e-mail services like Gmail, Yahoo or Hotmail, Blogs, Fora, etc. On the other hand, synchronous include chat clients like GoogleTalk or MSN, VoIP/ teleconference tools like Skype or WowPow, media players like VLC, WinAMP or Media Player, etc. Media players can be used of course, as asynchronous tool as well. [25] 1.1.2.2. Popular Tools All the above functionalities -besides those concerning hardware of course- are successfully incorporated in most modern LM/LCM Systems. There is a great variety of such tools from various vendors, but the most popular among the educational community these days seem to be Moodle and JoomlaLMS. 1.1.2.2.1. Moodle Moodle is one of the most popular tools of its kind due to the fact that it is a free and open source LCMS for creating dynamic environments for educational purposes and despite being free, it is considered to be highly efficient, since its modular design allows developers to add desired functionalities and in essence tailor it on their needs. Moreover many additional third party plug-ins are available for free, which enhance even more its modular character. The main programming language used for developing new modules is PHP, a fact that assigns an important advantage; Moodle can run on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS, etc) without any modifications being needed, as soon as PHP is supported. [59] 1.1.2.2.2. JoomlaLMS JoomlaLMS emerged from the extremely popular web content management platform Joomla, and like its parent application, is based on PHP programming language and MySQL database system. The basic Joomla characteristics like modularity, extensions and templates are still there, as well as in the aforementioned Moodle application. The difference however is that JoomlaLMS is not independent -needs Joomla to function- and additionally, it is not a free software package. [60], [61] 1.1.3. Standards As we saw in the previous paragraphs the main tools to create and offer knowledge are LMSs and LCMSs; the former hosts content which is created on the latter. Additionally, the main advantage of LCMSs is their ability to create reusable learning objects. Obviously, reusing an object offers many advantages with the main being the time that is saved; the developers can use on their projects already developed pieces of content, independently of their projects nature and special demands. Nevertheless, creating learning objects on a certain platform doesnt mean that it can be used efficiently on any other platform that some other developer may use. This is where standards come in with their main goals being: Interoperability. The learning objects must be able to be incorporated efficiently in any course designed and delivered in any platform. Standards ensure that each object is designed and developed following certain guidelines which in turn guide to its effective utilisation on any project. For example, activities like moving a course from one LMS server to another, reusing content on different LMSs, searching for learning content across different LMS environments, etc, cannot be performed without following certain standards. Content exchange. The learning content in not exchanged just locally, but globally as well. In order the global exchange of content to be efficient, setting respective guidelines is a crucial process. Performance. Common specifications can ensure that objects design is such that the best possible system performance based on the current hardware and software possibilities is reached. The changes in technology are balanced by the dynamic character of standards that constantly evolve depending on the current circumstances. Rights protection. E-learning content is developed by people or organisations that put much effort, resources and time on this process, and subsequently this effort has to be protected; a means towards this direction is the adoption of standards which set corresponding guidelines which can help to protect the developed content by unauthorised usage. Until 1999, no e-learning standards had been used and the first development attempts gave results in 2000. Since then, several organisations have been developing e-learning standards for different purposes and some of them are: Airline Industry CBT Committee AICC (airline training) EDUCAUSE Institutional Management System Project (IMS) Vendor group working to build standards for e-learning based on work of AICC Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) US Federal government initiative Development of Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) Allince of Remote Institutiopnal Authoring and Distribution Network for Europe (ARIADNE) An industry association focusing on e-learning standards issues (ariadne.unil.ch) IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (IEEE LTSC) Accredits the standards for the US that emerge from the other groups (ltsc.ieee.org) ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 (ITLET) IT for Learning, Education and Training Advanced Learning Infrastructure Consortium (ALIC) Japanese Consortium for promotion of e-leaning technology and infrastructure e-Learning Consortium Japan (eLC) Vendor/User company working to promote e-learning business and technology In the picture below the interconnection between the various standards is presented. 1.1.4. Role of Navigation Navigation is one of the most important elements of an e-learning course, since courses characterised by problematic navigation not only -most of the times- are abandoned by their users, but even when this is not the case, the efficiency of the course is significantly reduced. At the dawn of the e-learning era, the navigation schemes were very simple and mostly linear, meaning that the trainee could just move from page to page, forwards and backwards. Nowadays, the recent hardware and software developments, along with the subsequent developments in e-learning systems, offer to us the possibility to create complex navigation schemes, with simultaneous and parallel access to different parts of the course, which can be comprised by texts, images, audio, video or combinations of these, meaning multimedia. Nevertheless, besides the obvious advantages, this modern navigation approach presents some serious drawbacks as well. The basic are the following: The serendipity effect. The aforementioned free access to any part of the course, may guide the learner to focus on irrelevant or insignificant elements. The lost in hyperspace phenomenon. The above apply for this one as well, since the learner, due to the overflow of information in different formats, fails to concentrate on the important parts of the course and furthermore fails to identify where exactly he/she is located in the course map and subsequently, what exactly he/she was originally searching for. Cognitive overload. In e-learning courses the student, besides pure learning content, is being occupied with other things as well, like the way to navigate through the content and the adequate configuration of the course from a software/hardware point of view. So, in order the learner to remain focused on the learning content and be distracted as less as possible by irrelevant elements, Holzinger (2000) proposes several mechanisms, like indexes, site maps, guided tours, bookmarks, fish-eye views, etc. Nevertheless, such mechanisms dont prove to be enough in all cases and additional actions are often needed; these actions are defined by several standards with the most important of these being SCORM. [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [8] 1.2. The SCORM standard 1.2.1. Overview As we saw in section 1.1.3, standards are a fundamental element of the e-learning organisation globally. A quite serious effort on the subject has been conducted by the ADL (Advanced Distributing Learning) initiative -established by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the US Department of Defence (DoD)- and is called SCORM. SCORM was based on previous efforts by several organisations -like the aforementioned in paragraph 1.1.4- with the main being: IEEE Data Model For Content Object Communication IEEE ECMAScript Application Programming Interface for Content to Runtime Services Communication IEEE Learning Object Metadata (LOM) IEEE Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema Binding for Learning Object Metadata Data Model IMS Content Packaging IMS Simple Sequencing SCORM stands for Sharable Content Object Reference Model and has been developed in order to foster the creation of reusable learning content as instructional objects within a common technical framework for computer-based and Web-based learning. SCORM describes that technical framework by providing a harmonized set of guidelines, specifications and standards based on the work of several distinct e-learning specifications and standards bodies. [40] With the implementation of SCORM, the ADL Initiative aims to accelerate large-scale development of dynamic and cost-effective learning software and systems and to stimulate the market for these products. [40] SCORMs basic idea is that, the learning content, meaning courses, modules, etc, can be obtained by aggregating reusable content objects. These objects can be used repeatedly in any platform, without restrictions. This uniformity is achieved by certain rules and guidelines defined in SCORM. A SCORM compliant LMS can identify the organisation of the content without needing information regarding sequencing and navigation, since these subjects are taken care by SCORM, provided that the course is SCORM compliant. So, the content objects can be reused in other environments. In order an e-learning environment to be SCORM compliant, it has to fulfil certain general requirements set by the ADL Initiative, which are incorporated in SCORM. These requirements are called ilities and are the following: Accessibility: Instructional components must be able to be accessed and transferred between remote locations. Adaptability: Instructions must be developed based on individual and organizational needs. Affordability: Instructions delivery, must be related to increased efficiency and productivity and reduced time and costs. Durability: Technology evolution must not charge with design, configuration or coding changes. Interoperability: Instructional components must be compatible to any tools or platforms. Reusability: Instructional components must be able to be used in multiple applications and contexts. Additionally, due to the rapid expansion of web-based technologies and infrastructures, the lack of wide-spread web-based learning technology standards, and the convenience on delivering web-based content using nearly any medium, SCORM assumes that the implemented e-learning environments are web-based. This blending of the ilities with the web-based character of the learning applications, offers the following abilities: The ability of a Web-based LMS to launch content that is authored using tools from different vendors and to exchange data with that content. The ability of Web-based LMS products from different vendors to launch the same content and exchange data with that content during execution. The ability of multiple Web-based LMS products/environments to access a common repository of executable content and to launch such content. Naturally, the above mentioned requirements have a general character and are not the only ones incorporated in SCORM. There exist a large number of guidelines and specifications. In order these to be efficiently exploited, SCORM is divided in three technical books, with each one of them referring to a certain subject. These subjects are: the Content Aggregation Model (CAM), the Run-Time Environment (RTE) and Sequencing and Navigation (SN). 1.2.2. The Content Aggregation Model (CAM) The first book of SCORM (CAM) provides descriptions of the content objects, which -when aggregated- comprise a course, module, etc, as well as ways to package these objects so as interoperability between several platforms to be achieved. Additionally, it proposes ways to describe these objects via metadata so as these to be easily searched and discovered and additionally, ways to define sequencing rules. The objects are organised together so as to produce content packages, meaning courses, lessons, modules, etc. A Content Package connects and organises content objects or aggregations of content objects. A SCORM Content Package may represent a course, a lesson, a module or may simply be a collection of related content objects. This process of creating, discovering, aggregating and organising small content pieces into more complex learning entities and moreover defining sequencing rules on how these are going to be accessed by the learner, consists of the following: v Content Model It refers to the components of a content package and how these are organised to create it. It consists of the following elements: Assets, SCOs (Sharable Content Objects), Learning Activities, Content Organization and Content Aggregation. The Assets comprise the main building parts of any learning resource and can be described as electronic representations of any kind data that can be delivered to the user via a web browser (texts, images, videos, sound, etc.). A SCO can be described as a single learning resource that can be launched by LMSs via the SCORM RTE. It can be produced by aggregations either of single assets or by connecting sets of assets, which in turn consist of multiple single assets. The SCOs comprise the lowest level of data that can communicate with LMSs, with this characteristic comprising their main difference versus assets or sets of assets. The Content Organizations, are collections of SCOs and represent the ways that the learning content should be used by the learner; this can be accomplished by utilising meaningful units of instruction, the Activities. Finally, the Content Aggregation is used to describe the process of creating sets of objects with related content in terms of functionality, so as these sets to be delivered to the learner during the learning experience. v Content Packaging Content Packaging is a process with main objective to ensure that the aggregated content will be able to operate on different platforms. A Content Package represents a unit of learning, meaning that it contains all the data needed so as the learning content to be processed by the LMS and delivered to the learner. It consists of two basic components; the so-called Manifest and the physical files that comprise the content. The Manifest is an XML file which holds data regarding the packages organisation and the included corresponding resources; consists of 4 main components, 2 mandatory (Organisations and Resources) and 2 optional (Metadata and Sub-Manifests). The Metadata provide general information about the package, i.e. title, description, etc, the Organisations hold the organisation (structure) of the packages resources, the Resources contain resources data when the Sub-Manifests describe any stand-alone instruction units. v Metadata Metadata hold descriptive information of the content object, i.e. its properties. v Sequencing and Navigation These information provide definitions of rules models which set the sequence and ordering of the content that is delivered to the learner. [41] 1.2.3. The Run-Time Environment (RTE) RTE describes the requirements to which LMSs should conform in order interoperability between different platforms to be achieved, independently of the tools used in developing the content. In other words it defines how an LMS launches content objects, how it communicates with these at runtime and what data are exchanged during execution, so as interoperability to be accomplished. These three activities are served by three respective components: Launch: Launch, describes how the SCORM compliant content will be delivered to the learner via the LMS. API: Each object may communicate with the LMS via a defined set of methods; this set is called API. Subsequently, a SCORM compliant LMS must be able to support the SCORM API, in order the objects to be compatible to it. Data Model: The Data Model defines standardised types of data which are used to deliver the learning information to the learner. [42] 1.2.4. Sequencing and Navigation (SN) The Sequencing and Navigation (SN) book of SCORM focuses on defining ways so as the learning content to be offered to the learner efficiently, in an adequate order. In order this to be accomplished and the sequencing information to be processed at run-time, a SCORM compliant LMS must incorporate certain elements and functionalities, which are defined in this book as well. The sequencing information essentially refers, to what learning activity is to be delivered next to the learner; each learning activity is associated with a content object. How these objects are launched by the LMS, is described in the RTE book. As it was mentioned in a previous paragraph, the content package holds information regarding the organization of resources, which however do not include information regarding the way that the learning content is going to be delivered to the user, meaning sequencing and order information, or which parts of the content will be accessible to the user and when; these information are held by the aforementioned, manifest file. Towards this goal, SCORM has adopted sets of specifications originally developed by IMS, which provide ways for the sequencing information to be incorporated in the learning process. Some fundamental concepts in these specifications are the Learning Activity, the Activity Tree, the Activity Cluster, the Attempt, the Learning Objectives, the Sequencing Rules and the Rollup Rules. A loose definition of the Learning Activity is that it is a meaningful unit of instruction; in other words it is an action of the learner as he/she goes through the course. It can be an autonomous learning unit or may be comprise by several of sub-activities; sub-activities in turn, may consist of 2nd-level sub-activities and these in turn by 3rd-level, and so on. The activities and the users experiencing them can be associated with a tracking status. Each user can execute a predefined number of a certain activity or he/she may be free to execute it as many times desired. Activities may be suspended, abandoned, exited normally etc., nevertheless all of them must remain within the context of the parent activity. An Activity Tree is a tree holding nodes with each node being associated to an activity and storing the sequencing information. The LMS goes through the activity tree and identifies which is the next learning activity to be delivered to the learner. Generally, the sequencing information is those that determine the activities order; in case that there is no such information, those contained in the manifest file are followed. An Activity Cluster can be defined as a group of activities containing a parent activity and its 1st-level children (sub-activities) and its main role is to help developers to organize sequencing in a more efficient way. Whatever rules apply on the child activity, these rules apply on the parent activity as well. Each time the user tries to execute an activity he/she is making an Attempt. If this activity is a child of a parent activity, which in turn is the child of another parent and so on, then the attempt reflects to all activities throughout the whole tree. A Learning Activity can be associated with one or more Learning Objectives and SCORM provides full freedom in associating activities to objectives. Nevertheless, the meaning multiple objectives cannot be assumed by SCORM and status information of an activitys objective is held locally to that activity. Status information sharing cannot be accomplished unless the objectives have a global character; status information of global objectives is available for sharing among several activities, either within a single Activity Tree or across multiple trees. There two restrictions however: A local objective can obtain (read) objective status information only from one shared global objective. When, for a certain activity, a set of local objectives is defined, no two local objectives can set (write) status information to the same shared global objective. The Sequencing Rules are applied to an activity and evaluated -by using tracking information associated with the activity- at specified times during different sequencing cases, in other words, different learning cases. Each rule consists of a set of conditions and a relevant action. The rule is applied only when the status of the set of conditions is True. The Rollup Rules are used for evaluating the progress of the learner for cluster activities. Due to the fact that the cluster activities have no association with the content objects, information regarding the users progress, cannot be applied directly to a cluster activity. A set of zero or more rules may be applied and the evaluation process takes place during a process called Rollup; this process uses the status data of children activities in order to evaluate the status information of the corresponding cluster. Each rule of this type, consists of a set of child activities, a set of conditions which are evaluated based on the status data of these child activities and a, relevant to these conditions, action, which is executed when the conditions status is set to True. [43] 1.3. Data Mining 1.3.1. Overview Data mining has attracted great attention the last decades with the main reason being that it offers the possibility to extract useful information by huge amounts of data, which in turn can be used for decision making in various fields like research activities, engineering, marketing, business management, etc. The last 30 years (1980-onwards), information technology has made gigantic steps forward and the evolution -in hardware and software as well- has been so rapid, that the available data processing capabilities have reached astronomical levels. Subsequently, the quantities of data collected are correspondingly huge. Evidentially, according to a research conducted by P. Lyman and H. R. Varian, the new stored information grew about 30% a year between 1999 and 2002. Obviously, the analysis and effective exploitation of these data quantities although not a simple task is yet an essential one since, unless extracting valuable information by data, these data are practically useless. A solution to this problem is given by Data Mining, which according to G. Karypis can be defined as Exploration analysis, by automatic or semi-automatic means, of large quantities of data in order to discover meaningful patterns rules.; when according to F. Castro et al and P. Chapman et al, Data Mining is not just a collection of data analysis methods, but a data analysis process that encompasses anything from data understanding, preprocessing and modeling to process evaluation and implementation. [44], [45], [46], [47] 1.3.1.1. Data mining vs. Statistics Data mining and Statistics share many common characteristics a fact which may seem confusing at first, albeit being perfectly natural since, data mining has emerged by the composition of various disciplines like informatics, machine learning, database systems, visualization and finally, statistics (figure 1). Additionally, besides the inevitable similarities between them, there exists a major and fundamental difference; data mining allows the development of models which when applied on data can offer different views and visualisations of results depending on the number of dimensions that were used for building these models. On the other hand when using statistics such a practice is not possible and in order to get different views and results visualisations the effort has to be repeated as many times as the required number of dimensions in order the desired conclusions to be reached. [48] 1.3.1.2. Data Mining Steps When data mining is applied, the data under interest are often coming from different sources; this is the rule when talking about web data. Subsequently due to the inevitable differentiations between them, these data cannot be mined effectively. In order the data to end up in an adequate form and be submitted to data mining, several steps have to be followed: Initially, the data under interest have to be identified, since they may be in the form of text, images, videos, hyperlinks, etc. Then the data are located and collected from the different sources (database servers, web servers, etc). Most of the times the useful data comprise only a part of the total data, so a selection has to be made. Next, the collected data have to be cleaned by applying related techniques since these data may be inconsistent, incomplete or may contain errors. All inconsistencies need to be removed. The data cleaning however is not enough. The data have to be normalised/modified in order to come into adequate form and become able to be submitted to data mining. When the data are in the required form, their mining can begin. There exist several techniques for this purpose, with the main being, association rules, classification and clustering; all of them are described in more detail in the following paragraphs. When data mining process is concluded and the patterns are produced, the next step is to clean them in turn -many of them may be products of coincidence or may be of limited value- and produce the relevant visualisations. Finally, when the whole analysis is completed, the relevant reports are generated, the knowledge is available and decisions have to be taken. The analysis will help the researcher to reach useful conclusions and take the right decisions. Usually the first four steps are very time consuming; in fact these may require over 60-70% of the overall process time. For this purpose the data are inserted in adequate databases or even data warehouses, when the data exist in large amounts. [49] [50] 1.3.2. Mining the data 1.3.2.1. Techniques The data mining process is supported by several techniques or combinations of them. The fundamental ones are the following: 1.3.2.1.1. Association Rules The search for associations in data sets comprises a basic data mining task. Via an association process, we take a certain set of data and analyse it so as to extract associations patterns of the included objects. The outcome of such a process is a number of rules which offer a set of associations between database objects which help us to reach useful conclusions and these rules are accompanied by two factors, Support and Confidence, which comprise measures of the rules strength. More specifically: Support, shows the frequency of the rules application in a set of transactions and if it is too low, the rule may just be an outcome of luck or it may be applicable so rarely that at the end it is of no use. Confidence, measures how predictable a rule is. Low confidence means that the conclusions extracted by such a rule are not trustworthy and subsequently this rule cannot be used effectively. The most common example of such an association process, which, as well, explains the role of the two aforementioned factors, is that of the market basket. In this example we try to find what products are purchased in a super market and how these are associated. The rule shows that 15% customers purchase Milk along with Chocolate and additionally, whoever purchases Milk also buys Chocolate 70% of the cases. [51], [52] 1.3.2.1.2. Classification In classification or supervised learning, we determine certain classes and rules with each class holding certain attributes. We develop a classification model which is then applied on data that are not classified and these are grouped accordingly. In other words, we extract a set of rules from existing data and these rules are applied in turn on different -but similar- data sets, in order to predict certain behaviors. For example, lets assume that we have an utterly simple data set like the one below, which shows the political preferences of certain population groups according to Age and Income attributes. The fourth column comprises the Class attribute: IDAge Income Political Party young low Liberal middle low Liberal old low Conservative young middle Liberal middle middle Centre old middle Conservative young high Centre middle high Conservative old high Conservative What we want to achieve is, to initiate a learning process and extract a classification model from this data set which, when applied in different -but of same nature- data sets, will provide predictions regarding the political views of the registered individuals. An emerging rule from the data set above could be that, young and low income persons tend to vote for liberal parties. This rule when applied in different data, -if it is correct- should predict that people holding these attributes will indeed vote for liberals. The initial data set is called training set, when the data set on which the model is evaluated is called test set. The accuracy of the classification model can be assessed by comparing the predicted results, with the actual results of the class. The longest the training period, the better the models accuracy will be. [51], [52], [53] There are several classification methods: Statistical Classification is the method in which objects are grouped based on certain inherent quantitative information, with the help of information acquired from a training set of previously processed objects. [62] A Decision Tree is predictive model which is an hierarchical structure comprised of conditions. Beginning for the root of the tree we reach to the leaves that correspond to a class label; the route that is going to be followed -and subsequently the destination leaf- depends on the compliance of the instances on certain conditions. [62] Rule Induction is a method in which IF-THEN rules emerge from adequate processes. Each rule is connected to a state and via certain operators that perform generalization and specialisation operations, one rule can be transformed to another. [62] In Fuzzy Rule Induction the data are interpreted in a linguistic manner, by applying fuzzy logic. This means that, in contrast to conventional rules that use Boolean logic (right/wrong, warm/cold, etc), fuzzy rules can be multi-valued and intermediate values can be processed, like partly wrong, a little warm, quite cold, etc. [62], [63] Neural Networks can be connected to Rule Induction as well and it emerged as an idea form human brain structure. Several processing objects called nodes/neurons co-operate so as a result function to be produced. [62] 1.3.2.1.3. Clustering Clustering is the process of developing clusters so as all objects that are members of the cluster to conform to some pre-found criteria, meaning that these objects will be similar in a certain degree. It is often called unsupervised learning, because in opposition to supervised learning, there are no class attributes which define the grouping of data. The discovered data groups are called clusters, which, in order to be formed, several approaches may be followed. The two most important and widely accepted approaches are, partitional clustering and hierarchical clustering. In Partitional Clustering, random points within the data set are selected as the centers of the clusters called centroids and their number is depended on the number of clusters that the user wants to discover. Next, the distances between the centroids and the data points are computed, each centroid is matched to the points that are closest to it and the emerging groups (centroid plus matched points) shape the clusters. This process is iterated many more times in order the clusters shaping to be improved as much as possible and stops only when certain pre-defined conditions are met. In Hierarchical Clustering a nested sequence of clusters like a tree is produced. This is called dendogram. At the top of the tree there exists one cluster (root), each internal cluster node contains child cluster nodes and the lowest part of the tree represents single data points. The following schema depicts such a dendogram. Some confuse clustering with classification, due to the fact that in both techniques, sets of data are created. The difference however is that in classification the criteria are pre-determined by the user, when in clustering these criteria emerge by analysing the data. [52], [53] 1.3.3. Applications The first field where Data Mining found immediate application was the corporate sector. Nevertheless the last years, due to the increasing needs for data analysis as well as the wide variety of tools that have been developed which can execute data mining process of great complexity, its applications have been expanded practically everywhere. Nowadays, data mining techniques are applied, in businesses, military or security offices, medical institutions, banks, educational organisations, etc. Businesses use data mining in order to find potential customers and improve their marketing strategies by finding patterns regarding the customers buying preferences and habits. Military or security offices analyse opponents data or even private data -illegally in many cases- in order to extract information regarding hostile movements or terrorist attacks. Medical Institutions, executing researches on genomic data for example, are dealing with gigantic sets of data, which cannot be analysed without using data mining techniques and tools. The Banks apply data mining to detect credit card fraud e.g. by identifying the patterns of transactions related to fraud actions or to reduce the risks when supplying loans by identifying or predicting potential untrustworthy customers. Finally, in educational systems, data mining is applicable in many fields, with one of the most important being e-learning or -more accurately- web-learning, since, most e-learning courses are carried out via the internet. 1.3.3.1. Application in e-Learning We referred above to the various advantages of e-learning in the process of providing knowledge and education to literally any individual, independently of time, distance or personal ability. Nevertheless, e-learning environments even nowadays are still far from perfect and continuous improvements are needed in order to reach the desired level. The trainers need ways to assess the courses in terms of efficiency, structure, activities selected by the learners, learners satisfaction, results, etc, and get adequate feedback in order to alter their course for the better. In the e-learning field, two types of users are of main interest; the trainers and the learners. In the first category falls any organization that may be offering training courses of any kind, like universities, enterprises, public organizations, etc, while the second refers to any single one of us who is interested in acquiring knowledge. Some of the data that are kept for each user may be: name, age, qualifications, experience (e.g. previous courses taken), course visiting frequency, time spent, grades achieved, etc. By applying data mining techniques on these data, we are able to extract information that may help us to evaluate the content of the courses, add/remove courses, establish new programs, guide the users better, identify most popular courses, improve the navigation schemes, identify groups of learners with similar behaviours, find cases where the learners dont take the process seriously and just play around, etc. [48], [62] Additionally, due to the fact that most e-learning courses are offered nowadays via the internet and refer to a global audience, the amounts of collected data are huge and so, the processing and management of these data comprises a complicated issue. A solution on this issue can be offered by data mining via which the data can be assessed, managed, processed and exploited in such ways so as the e-learning environment itself to be adequately assessed and improved. The online character that e-learning has adopted these least years, leads to conclusion that e-learning data mining is essentially applied on Web data; hence, it is called web mining. These web data may be: Web pages content HTML or XML scripts Visitors numbers and data Links between pages Navigation data, and Web mining adopts the same techniques with its parent discipline in order to mine these data. It can be divided in three main categories: Web Content Mining, Web Usage Mining and Web Structure Mining. [48] [48] 1.3.3.1.1. Web Content Mining The World Wide Web has been expanding rapidly the last two decades and it is becoming harder and harder for the user to identify the information that interest him/her within such a vast pool of information. The main goal of web content mining is to offer to the user the information of interest, by searching the content of the available online resources and in order to achieve this goal, the classical data mining techniques are not always enough. In other words web content mining takes the functionalities of a search engine, one step further, by implementing more advanced techniques. Due to the fact that web content is not organized in relational databases -like offline data-, and it can be text, images, audio, videos, metadata or hyperlinks, a relational database cannot be used in this case and different types of databases have to be used, like multimedia databases for example. The reason is that web content is not always structured like offline data and it may be unstructured (text data), semi-structured (HTML data) or structured (table data) Moreover, web data are almost never accumulated in one place, but are dispersed in heterogeneous sources; consequently the data have to be pooled in one place, in order to be organized and homogenised (e.g. data warehouse). [48], [54] 1.3.3.1.2. Web Usage Mining When Web Usage Mining is applied, in essence data mining techniques are used for discovering patterns regarding the web surfing activities of the users. Practically the data that are mined are the metadata (data about data) of these activities which are kept in respective logs (web logs). The extracted patterns provide valuable information concerning the users trends and preferences when surfing the web, products marketing strategies, outcomes of promotional campaigns, etc; these information assist the web designers on developing improved web applications or marketing researchers to adjust their strategies accordingly. [54], [55] 1.3.3.1.3. Web Structure Mining Web Structure Mining attempts to find patterns concerning the structure of the hyperlinks that reside within web pages and link one with another. The main scopes that it serves are the following: Categorizing web pages (search engines) Discovering structures of web documents Discovering the nature of the hierarchy or network of hyperlinks in the Website of a particular domain. All the above have a main goal which is to provide information on improving the structure of web pages and applications. Under this scope we could support that it is strongly related to web usage mining, since a main goal of both aim is to improve the web structure in general. [54] 1.3.4. Tools The importance of data mining in extracting knowledge and assisting in the decisions making process, has led to the development of various tools. These tools aim to assist the researcher in conducting the data mining task in n easy, quick and efficient way without being necessary to be fully aware of the discipline. These tools can be either of commercial character or be available for free. Despite the great variety of commercial tools (BayesiaLab, Clementine, Data Miner Software Kit, DBMiner 2.0, IBM Intelligent Miner Data Mining Suite, KXEN, Oracle Data Mining (ODM), SPSS, SAS Enterprise Miner, etc.), their commercial character as well as their functionalities, are out of the scope of this thesis. Subsequently, were going to focus in the free tools that are available. A few of the most widely used are the following: 1.3.4.1. RapidMiner (Community Edition) RapidMiner is a Java-based application and its main characteristic is that it hosts a large number of operators (over 500); this feature provides the possibility to use a large number of different methods and make the corresponding comparisons and an additional advantage is the great possibilities that it offers for model building and validation. It seems to be the most powerful of all, but its main disadvantage is the somewhat complex GUI, which albeit aesthetically beautiful, it lacks user friendliness and seems to be harder to be learned, despite the complete documentation offered in the website. Another element is that Rapidminer has adopted several WEKA algorithms. [56] 1.3.4.2. KNIME KNIME is simpler than Rapidminer in use, but it lacks the power when coming to model building and validation. Nevertheless, for relatively simple tasks, it includes all the required operators and visual components. Additionally, it can connect to and read from a database, and moreover it can incorporate modules of the WEKA tool a fact that enhances significantly the offered possibilities. [57] 1.3.4.3. WEKA WEKA is somewhat in the middle between the two aforementioned applications KNIME and RapidMiner. It hosts many algorithms and visualization tools -not as many as RapidMiner- and it is relatively simple to use. Its user interface is not aesthetically in the level of the other two tools; nevertheless it seems to be more easy to use than both. The learning time required is significantly less than the other two even for novices and the accompanying documentation is seems to be more than enough. It offers direct access to databases and it is able to process the results of database queries. [58] 2. Research Methodology The primary scope of this project is to investigate how to enhance the navigation scheme of a SCORM compliant course at TEI Piraeus using data mining techniques. The course will be analysed by applying mining techniques on the data collected by the learning management system. The underlying analysis will focus on identifying patterns/clusters of data, which will provide information regarding the navigational behaviour of the students. The main goal is to find navigational patterns and clusters of students that perform high or low. Next, a new navigation scheme will be proposed with the basis being the SCORM standard. In order to evaluate the navigation scheme of the course data mining techniques will be implemented. The data extracted by the courses database will be mined by using three different techniques so as to gain the best possible view of the students actions; these techniques will be, Association Rules, Classification and Clustering, with the algorithms selected being a-Priori, J48 and K-Means respectively. More specifically: Association Rules (a-Priori) will help us to: Analyse the order with which the several learning activities are accessed by the students, meaning which is accessed first, which follow, which are usually omitted, etc. Correlate the difficulty levels to the grades earned, meaning, whether good or bad grades are due to to low difficulty activities or due to inappropriate navigation patterns. Classification (J48) will help us to: Connect the grades earned, meaning to the way the students navigate meaning, whether good or bad grades are connected to adequate or inappropriate respectively navigation patterns. Define how the difficulty levels are connected to the grades earned, meaning, under what difficulty circumstances good or bad grades emerge. Clustering (K-Means) will help us to: Group the students based on the course visiting frequency and reflect it on the grades and difficulty levels. Group the students based on their grades and reflect it on the difficulty levels. It is obvious that the above described goals are more or less similar in a certain extent. Nevetheless, by using all these three techniques, we can have a more consistent view of the situation and the outcomes of this assessment will be more accurate and the errors possibility will be significantly diminished. The tool that will be used for the data mining process is WEKA. WEKA was chosen over Rapidminer and KNIME. Despite the fact that Rapidminer and KNIME, would be efficient as well for the tasks that this thesis requires, WEKA was chosen due to the superior simplicity of its interface. The WEKA GUI that will be used among the four available will be the Explorer. After identifying the problematic navigation schemes, solutions will be proposed. The tool that will be deployed is SCORM. If the data mining outcome is adequately evaluated and compliance with the corresponding SCORM guidelines is achieved, the students navigation patterns and subsequently the efficiency of the course will be significantly improved. 3. Plan for Completion At this point the data of interest (attributes) have been identified in the courses database and the respective queries have been built and executed so as the data to be extracted. The data have been exported and have been preprocessed (cleansing, filtering, etc), so as become ready to be imported and analysed in WEKA. Some data mining tasks have already been performed on test data in order the best algorithm settings to be selected. What remains to be done, is the main data analysis to be executed in WEKA and the results to be evaluated accordingly. The outcome of this process will be the identification of the main problems that the current navigational scheme presents. Next, the current scheme will be compared to the SCORM guidelines in order any divergences to be pointed out and subsequently, propositions to be made so as the courses navigation scheme to converge to SCORM as much as possible. References Rogerson-Revell, P., Directions in e-learning tools and technologies and their relevance to online distance language education, Open Learning, v22 n1 p57-74 Feb 2007 Nichols, M. (2008). 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